Which condition requires immediate referral for surgical intervention?
a. orchitis c. testicular torsion
b. spermatocele d. cryptorchidism
C
Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. It causes venous obstruction, secondary edema, and eventual arterial obstruction. Orchitis, acute, painful onset of swelling of the testicle along with warm scrotal skin can be caused by mumps, coxsackievirus B, infectious mononucleosis, and varicella. Spermatocele involves sperm-filled cysts at the top of the testis or in the epididymis. Cryptorchidism describes one or both testes that are undescended.
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