If an important effect has been identified correctly in the laboratory, then
a. the same effect should be observable outside the laboratory.
b. no additional research will ever be needed in order to apply this finding outside the laboratory.
c. statements about causality are not justified.
d. further research outside the laboratory is not important.
A
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Mai Lin is well-prepared but a little nervous about her calculus exam tomorrow. "What are you worried about?" her roommate asks. "You're Asian; of course you're good at math." With those words echoing in her mind, Mai Lin scratches out a low C the following day. What is at work here?
A. Mai Lin was not as prepared as she thought, and her roommate's words took on a mocking tone. B. Mai Lin's instructor purposely downgraded her because he thought she should be able to do better. C. Mai Lin wanted to disprove her roommate's assumption, and so purposely tanked the exam, just for spite. D. Mai Lin's awareness of a common stereotype increased her pressure to perform well, and paradoxically led to worse performance.
When people are setting goals, the core question is, ____. When people are pursuing goals, the core question is, ____
a. "Why should I do it?"; "Is it culturally desirable?" b. "Why should I do it?"; "How do I do it?" c. "Is it culturally desirable?"; "Why should I do it?" d. "Is it culturally desirable?"; "How do I do it?"
In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS. Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). Thus, people tend to think that they see a lesbian-AIDS relationship when in fact there is no such relationship. This is a good example of the ____
a. false consensus effect b. illusory correlation c. belief in a just world hypothesis d. contrast effect
According to the introductory discussion of decision making in Chapter 12,
a. researchers in this area come from many other disciplines, in addition to psychology. b. the research on decision making is usually lower in ecological validity than is the research on logical reasoning. c. people are less likely to use heuristics when they work on decision-making tasks, rather than on logical-reasoning tasks. d. like logical reasoning, decision making has a formal set of rules for drawing the correct conclusions.