Which of the following aspects of collagen would be directly affected by a defect in procollagen peptidase?
A) synthesis
B) secretion
C) extracellular assembly
D) binding to fibronectin
E) all of the above
Answer: C
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A number of viruses often include a similar set of symptoms when they cause an infectious disease state (fever, headache, fatigue, runny nose). Why would they all cause the same symptoms if they're different viruses?
A. They all possess the same basic virulence genes and molecules, so they all trigger the same responses. B. The symptoms are associated with the immune system's response, NOT the molecules from the pathogens themselves. Our responses against viruses are fairly similar, regardless of virus type, so the symptoms are similar. C. Most viruses infect the upper respiratory tract-this leads to the common set of symptoms listed above. Only a few viruses infect areas away from this region. D. Viruses specifically infect mainly epithelial membranes. As such, the virally induced reaction is similar in different areas of the body due to the same basic cell types (epithelial cells) being infected in each area.
The placental blood vessels
A) manufacture hormones that slow the growth of the embryo, preventing it from outgrowing the uterus. B) allow for the exchange of wastes and nutrients but keep the maternal and fetal circulations separate. C) draw oxygen from the fetal blood and pass it to the mother. D) mix maternal blood and fetal blood. E) prevent all microbes and toxins from crossing from mother to child.
A reproductive strategy in which one individual has both testes and ovaries is called
A. hermaphroditism. B. sexual reproduction. C. parthenogenesis. D. fission.
You are interested in cell-size regulation and discover that signaling through a GPCR called ERC1 is important in controlling cell size in embryonic rat cells
The Gprotein downstream of ERC1 activates adenylyl cyclase, which ultimately leads to the activation of PKA. You discover that cells that lack ERC1 are 15% smaller than normal cells, while cells that express a mutant, constitutively activated version of PKA are 15% larger than normal cells. Given these results, which of the following treatments to embryonic rat cells should lead to smaller cells? (a) addition of a drug that causes cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase to be hyperactive (b) addition of a drug that prevents GTP hydrolysis by G? (c) addition of a drug that activates adenylyl cyclase (d) addition of a drug that mimics the ligand ofERC1