The ___ Echinoderm lineage is made up of sea urchins and sand dollars, whose ossicles are fused into solid tests that

restrict flexibility but provide excellent protection.



a. Echinoidea
b. Ophiuroidea
c. Crinoidea
d. Holothuroidea
e. Asteroidea


ANSWER: a

Biology & Microbiology

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The condition shown in the photograph, xeroderma pigmentosum, is caused by dimerization of thymine bases when UV damage to DNA is not repaired. What mechanism exists to repair this kind of damage to DNA?



a. proofreading
b. nucleotide mismatch repair
c. nucleotide excision repair
d. phosphodiester substitution

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What is NOT a result or an effect of irrigation?

a. increased food production b. saltwater intrusion into water supplies c. lowered water tables d. uplifted land e. salinization

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Which of the following is the mechanism of action of cyclosporine?

A) It blocks the complement cascade. B) It blocks the activity of activated Th1 T cells. C) It directly blocks CTL activity. D) It interferes with activation of Th2 T cells. E) It is an anti-inflammatory interfering with leukotriene function.

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The three-carbon ________ combines with coenzyme A to form ________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Biology & Microbiology