Briefly explain why people often find some problems difficult to solve
What will be an ideal response?
Problems could be difficult to solve if you fall prey to a mental set, or persist in using a problem-solving strategy that worked in the past but is not effective with the problem at hand. Other barriers to effective problem-solving include attending to irrelevant information, functional fixedness (in which we tend to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use), and placing unnecessary constraints on the problem.
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At a conference, a researcher reports prevalence rates for personality disorders. Several audience members conclude that these figures are lower than those reported in the literature. During a question-and-answer period, which of the following is likely t
a. The researcher relied on a psychodynamic model of the etiology of personality disorders. b. The researcher failed to consider the impact of mental retardation on the prevalence of these disorders. c. The researcher failed to obtain records of physiological functions that can often reveal otherwise hidden pathology. d. The researcher used self-report instruments to estimate the prevalence of disorders seen in people with little awareness of their behavior.
If the correlations between one's self-concept and academic performance were positive, we could say that
a. academic performance and self-concept are largely unrelated. b. academic performance is an important cause of one's self-concept. c. self-concept is an important cause of academic performance. d. self-concept and academic performance are related, but no causal relationship has been established.
Explain the difference between individual decisions and institutional decisions. Provide examples not already referenced in the chapter that relate to psychological testing.
What will be an ideal response?
According to the article Wolf in Sheepdog's Clothing, Shaffer and Tinbergen thought that dog behavior
might be similar to wolf behavior because (a) they are both about the same size and shape (b) they both are born in fairly large litters (c) wolves can be domesticated if they are taken from their mothers at birth (d) they are quite closely related evolutionarily