In what ways did both the religious concepts of the Ganges Valley and the philosophies of Warring States China attempt to address problems of social and political stability?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Political instability
a. Chinese rulers were unable to hold onto the mandate of heaven
1. led to political struggle since it meant that rulers were not virtuous
2. impossibility of using magic to manage the state undermined royal authority
3. led to division and states vying for power through war
b. There is little evidence of political and social life of the Ganges Valley
1. based on the theories presented in the Upanishads,rulers could try to be one with the universe infinite and eternal and small problems of this world are unimportant
2. could cause political instability if rulers choose not to deal with problems of the region
B. Social instability
a. Chinese states should have inhibited development and violence but political fragmentation encouraged intellectual creativity
b. Ganges Valley belief in reincarnation would help foster social change to achieve a series of lives virtuously lived so the soul could advance toward perfection
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