What happens to the carbon molecules in the pyruvic acid that goes through the TCA cycle?
A. They get incorporated into cell material.
B. They are excreted as waste organic acids.
C. They become carbon dioxide.
D. They form "energy storage molecules" and are stored by the cell.
C
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A penguin's feet are nearly as cold as ice, while the bird's core body temperature is much higher. Which of the following explains this observation?
A. countercurrent heat exchange between warm blood in arteries and cold blood in veins B. countercurrent heat exchange between warm blood in veins and cold blood in arteries C. blood supply to legs shut off by vasoconstriction D. no muscles in the feet of penguins to generate heat E. heat cannot diffuse from body core to feet because feet are too far away
Some bacteria have a higher incidence rate of thymine dimer mutations following exposure to UV light than others. What might be going on here to lead to this outcome?
A. They may simply have a higher proportion of T nucleotides next to each other in their DNA sequences than other bacteria, leading to more possible dimers being formed. B. They may have a stronger expression of photoreactivation enzymes, leading to more thymine dimers being formed and retained. C. They may have a weaker expression of photoreactivation enzymes, leading to more thymine dimers being formed and retained. D. They may simply have a higher proportion of T nucleotides next to each other in their DNA sequences than other bacteria, leading to more possible dimers being formed AND they may have a stronger expression of photoreactivation enzymes, leading to more thymine dimers being formed and retained. E. They may simply have a higher proportion of T nucleotides next to each other in their DNA sequences than other bacteria, leading to more possible dimers being formed AND they may have a weaker expression of photoreactivation enzymes, leading to more thymine dimers being formed and retained.
Reptiles are ectotherms, so they cannot generate their own body heat. Which of the following is an adaptation, similar to hibernation, that allows reptiles to survive periods where temperatures are cold?
a. cryptobiosis b. diapause c. brumation d. aestivation
You have isolated a cell which contains murein. What other structure(s) can you safely assume this cell has?
A. a cell membrane B. all of the above C. a plasmid D. a pili E. a mitochondrion