You are going to give a short presentation on diagnostic testing of the lower gastrointestinal tract to a group of new employees at the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic
Discuss the different diagnostic tests that can be run on the lower gastrointestinal tract to detect problems and abnormalities.
a. What are the types of tests that can be performed and what do they tell you about the client?
b. What types of preparations are needed for these tests?
Students' answers should include the following:
a. Small bowel series identifies obstructions, tumors, and inflammation in the ileum and jejunum and uses barium like the upper GI series.
Gallbladder series or oral cholecystography uses dye and is frequently replaced by ultrasound, which is less invasive.
Cholangiography to determine patency of ducts of gallbladder and is used when gallbladder can be visualized by oral cholecystogram; uses dye
ERCP with endoscopy uses dye, inserted through esophagus, and visualizes stomach through duodenum; uses x-rays
MRCP—new technique to visualize bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder; uses MRI instead of dye
PTC—ultrasound to guide needle into bile ducts for injecting water-soluble contrast into bile ducts
CT and radionuclide imaging, which can detect lesions on pancreas and liver and evaluate gastric emptying
MRIs and ultrasounds
Gastric endoscopy, proctosigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, panendoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
b. For the small bowel series, a low-residue diet, NPO after midnight before the test, laxatives to clear the bowels, and cleansing enemas the morning of the test
For the gallbladder series, fluids and medications are not restricted.
Fat-free diet the night before; iodine-type tablets are used as contrast with water; may cause N/V
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True False