In each of the following situations, a person is learning through either reinforcement or punishment. Classify each situation as involving one of these four consequences: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, presentation punishment, or removal punishment. Then explain why you chose the answer you did
a. Because Danielle fails her math class, she is taken off the school dance squad.
b. Joe always does his homework assignments as soon as he gets them so he won't have to worry about them anymore.
c. Lisa and Fran are giggling about something in the back of the classroom. Their teacher scowls at them. They are embarrassed and shut up.
d. A teacher finds that by yelling at her students when they get too rowdy, they will settle down and be quiet for a while. (Focus on what is happening to the teacher.)
Answers to the separate parts of the question are as follows:
a. This is removal punishment: a pleasant state of affairs (being on the dance squad) is removed after Danielle fails her math class.
b. This is negative reinforcement: Joe is doing his homework in order to get rid of something unpleasant (his feeling of worry).
c. This is presentation punishment: something presented (a scowl) leads to a decrease in giggling behavior.
d. This is negative reinforcement: the teacher's yelling is reinforced by the removal of something she doesn't like
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