When a client with extremely severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is no longer responding to intensive drug therapy or behavioral therapy, what other treatment options should the nurse prepare to educate the client/family about? Select all that appl
A) Stereotactic surgical procedures
B) Deep-brain stimulation with electrical current
C) Biofeedback techniques
D) Service and companion dogs
E) Hypnotherapy
Ans: A, B
Psychosurgery is sometimes used to treat extremely severe OCD that has not responded to prolonged and intensive drug treatment, behavioral therapy, or a combination of the two. Modern stereotactic surgical techniques that produce lesions of the cingulum bundle (a bundle of connective tissue) or anterior limb of the internal capsule (a region near the thalamus and part of the circuit connecting to the cortex) may bring about substantial clinical benefit in some individuals without causing significant morbidity). Other treatment options include radiotherapy and deep-brain stimulation, in which an electrical current is applied through an electrode inserted into the brain. Biofeedback is helpful when relaxation is needed. Service animals and hypnotherapy are useful treatments for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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