What common theme exists in understanding diversity in ethnic gangs?

a. Ethnic originated during the same period of time.
b. Each ethnic minority faces marginalization from mainstream society.
c. The social atmosphere of gang formation leads to similarities in ethnic gangs.
d. The political atmosphere of gang formation leads to similarities in ethnic gangs.


B

Criminal Justice

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The opposite of mitigating circumstances in sentencing is:

a. Justifying circumstances. b. Aggravating circumstances. c. Extenuating circumstances. d. Negligent circumstances.

Criminal Justice

Each of the following statements regarding the majority opinion in United States v. Leon (1984) is correct, EXCEPT

A. The Fourth Amendment is not concerned with constitutional violations by judges B. Deterrence is the only reason for the exclusionary rule C. The search in the case violated the Fourth Amendment D. The exclusionary rule exacts substantial social costs

Criminal Justice

While some argue that whistle-blowing is risky, could lead to retaliation, and should be avoided, there are case studies in which whistle-blowers:

a. Lost their jobs b. Had a positive effect in corrections c. Provided inaccurate information, to the organization’s detriment d. Resigned before losing their positions

Criminal Justice

Probation and _______ supervision for federal offenders are provided by the Federal Probation and Pretrial Service System.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice