Brett desperately wants to quit smoking, but just can't seem to do it on his own. So, he tells his friends that he will pay them $20 each time they catch him smoking. This agreement with Brett's friends is an example of:
A. an irrational choice
B. an opportunistic device
C. a commitment device.
D. an irrational device.
C. a commitment device.
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If the government taxes producers that create pollution, the government's policy
A) allows the producers to pollute more by increasing their costs. B) results in less production because the producers' costs have risen. C) eliminates pollution entirely by shifting the supply curve leftward. D) allows the firms to pass along higher costs but doesn't cut pollution. E) forbids the firms from passing along higher costs.
If the price of gasoline increases, what will be the impact in the market for public transportation?
A) The demand curve for public transportation shifts to the right. B) The quantity of public transportation demanded increases. C) The demand curve for public transportation shifts to the left. D) The quantity of public transportation demanded decreases.
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.4 below to answer the question(s) that follow. 
Figure 8.4 Refer to Figure 8.4. If twelve microwave ovens are produced, average variable costs are
A. $16.67. B. $41.67. C. $66.67. D. $166.67.
If quantity supplied is less at each price, we say that there has been
A. an increase in supply. B. an increase in demand. C. a decrease in supply. D. a decrease in demand.