Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The use of shaming techniques as a potential Eighth Amendment violation against
cruel and unusual punishment has not been ruled upon by the U.S. Supreme Court.
2. Community supervision officers do enjoy some degree of immunity to lawsuits that
may be brought forward, but this form of immunity tends to not be as certain as the
absolute immunity that is afforded to judges and/or parole boards.
3. In Gagnon v. Scarpelli, the Court noted that offenders on community supervision are
constitutionally entitled to appointed counsel during revocation proceedings.
4. Punitive damages are payments for the actual losses suffered by a plaintiff; typically
the offender.
5. The law related to U.S.C. 42 Section 1983 was passed in 1872.


1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

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Which of the following is NOT one of the three major models of incarceration that have dominated since the 1940s?

A. Custodial B. Medical C. Transitional D. Reintegration

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. In order to be placed on a map as crime data, addresses must be given spatial reference. 2. Street geocoding uses reference data about street networks and locations. 3. Coordinates are the most common way that location is conceptualized in geographic information systems. 4. Completeness refers to the percentage of records that can reliably be geocoded, and is commonly referred to as the hit rate. 5. Census blocks typically contain one household.

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__________ research has gained momentum as one tool for predicting coming changes in law enforcement

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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The International Association of Security and Investigative Regulators attempts to enhance public safety by promoting professionalism:

a. though consistent standards b. through membership in the organization c. through effective regulation d. through licensing reciprocity

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