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(1)
What will be an ideal response?
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Facing One’s Own Death – The Stages of Death 1) Knowledge of death’s inevitability permits us to establish priorities and structure our time accordingly. As we age, these priorities and structurings change in recognition of diminishing future time. Values concerning the most important uses of time also change. For example, when asked how they would spend 6 remaining months of life, younger adults described such activities as traveling and accomplishing things they previously had not done; older adults described more inner-focused activities – contemplation and meditation, for example. 2) Most dying individuals want an opportunity to make some decisions regarding their own life and death. Some individuals want to complete unfinished business; they want time to resolve problems and conflicts and to put their affairs in order. Might there be a sequence of stages we go through as we face death? 3) Elizabeth Kubler-Ross divided the behavior and thinking of dying persons into five stages: denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Denial and isolation is Kubler-Ross’s first stage of dying, in which the person denies that death is really going to take place. The person may say, “No, it can’t be me. It’s not possible.” This is a common reaction to terminal illness. However, denial is usually only a temporary defense and is eventually replaced with increased awareness when the person is confronted with such matters as financial considerations, unfinished business, and worry about surviving family members. 4) Anger is Kubler-Ross’s second stage of dying, in which the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained. Denial often gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy. The dying person’s question is, “Why me?” At this point, the person becomes increasingly difficult to care for as anger may become displaced and projected onto physicians, nurses, family members, and even God. The realization of loss is great, and those who symbolize life, energy, and competent functioning are especially salient targets of the dying person’s resentment and jealousy. 5) Bargaining is Kubler-Ross’s third stage of dying, in which the person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed or delayed. Some persons enter into a bargaining or negotiation – often with God – as they try to delay their death. Psychologically, the person is saying, “Yes me, but...” In exchange for a few more days, weeks, or months of life, the person promises to lead a reformed life dedicated to God or to the service of others. 6) Depression is Kubler-Ross’s fourth stage of dying, in which the dying person comes to accept the certainty of death. At this point, a period of depression or preparatory grief may appear. The dying person may become silent, refuse visitors, and spend much of the time crying or grieving. This behavior should be perceived as normal in this circumstance and is actually an effort to disconnect the self from all love objects. Attempts to cheer up the dying person at this stage should be discouraged, says Kubler-Ross, because the dying person has a need to contemplate impending death. 7) Acceptance is Kubler-Ross’s fifth stage of dying, in which the person develops a sense of peace; an acceptance of one’s fate; and in many cases, a desire to be left alone. In this stage, feelings and physical pain may be virtually absent. Kubler-Ross describes this fifth stage as the end of the dying struggle, the final resting stage before death. 8) No one has been able to confirm that people go through the stages in the order described by Kubler-Ross. Kubler-Ross herself feels that she has been misread, saying that she never intended the stages to be an invariant sequence of steps toward death. Even though Kubler-Ross recognizes the importance of the individual variation in how we face death, she still believes that the optimal way to face death is in the sequence she has proposed. Given the controversy over Kubler-Ross’s stages, there probably is no one right way to die. 9) In facing their own death, some individuals struggle until the end, desperately trying to hang on to their lives. Acceptance of death never comes for them. Some psychologists believe that the harder individuals fight to avoid the inevitable death they face and the more they deny it, the more difficulty they will have in dying peacefully and in a dignified way; other psychologists argue that not confronting death until the end may be adaptive for some individuals. At any one moment, a number of emotions may wax and wane. Hope, disbelief, bewilderment, anger, and acceptance may come and go as individuals try to make sense of what is happening to them. a. persuade the reader that it is important for a dying person to go through all ofthese steps. b. explain to the reader how all of the steps of the dying process are equally important. c. inform the reader about Kubler-Ross’s theory regarding the five stages of dying. d. give insight into the dying process so that readers can help their loved ones through a difficult time.
Lectura y cultura.De acuerdo con la información de las lecturas y las discusiones en clase, indica si las siguientes oraciones son ciertas o falsas. ?España es el destino más frecuente para los inmigrantes que van a Europa.
A. ?Cierto B. ?Falso
La géographie et les vacances passées Jacob téléphone à son ami belge, Vincent, pour lui annoncer qu'il arrive dans un mois. Vincent est très heureux à l'idée de revoir Jacob. Ils discutent longuement et ils se mettent à parler des différents pays où ils ont passé leurs vacances. Complétez leur dialogue avec les articles ou les prépositions qui conviennent: le, la, l', les, à, au, aux, en, de, du, de la, d'.
Jacob:Je dois dire que j'ai pas mal voyagé pour un Américain. Je suis allé (1)_____ Angleterre la première fois que j'ai quitté (2)_____ États-Unis. J'ai beaucoup aimé la ville de Liverpool. (3)____ Liverpool, les gens sont sympas et ils parlent comme les Beatles! Après le lycée, je suis allé (4)_____ Allemagne et puis (5)_____ Pays-Bas. C'était génial! J'ai aussi visité un des plus petits pays d'Europe: (6)_____ Luxembourg. Et toi, Vincent, où as-tu voyagé? Vincent:Moi, je suis toujours resté (7)______ Belgique. Notre pays est très beau, tu sais, et je n'ai pas encore tout visité! Un jour, je voudrais aller (8)____ Portugal. J'adore la langue portugaise. Jacob:Oui, moi aussi. Toi, tu es un peu plus sportif que moi. Moi, j'aime aller à la plage et ne rien faire. L'an dernier, j'ai rendu visite à une amie qui habite (9)______ Corse. Elle y étudie et elle habite avec une autre étudiante qui est (10)____ Espagne. Après, je suis allé (11)____ Espagne. (12)____ Madrid, j'ai visité le Prado et j'ai bu de la sangria! Vive les vacances!(10) Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
El presente del subjuntivo. Completa las siguientes oraciones con el presente del subjuntivo de los verbos entre paréntesis. Separe cada respuesta con una coma (por ejemplo: uno, dos).Los padres dudan que sus hijos ____________________ (estudiar). Siempre les va mal en los exámenes.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).