. A researcher uses a within-subjects design in which one group completes a difficult puzzle and the second group completes an easy puzzle. He finds that participants who completed the difficult puzzle first were able to learn about the puzzle and completed the easy puzzle quicker, compared to participants who did the easy puzzle first. What type of threat to internal validity was described in this example?

A. sampling effects
B. carryover effects
C. participant attrition
D. participant fatigue


Ans: B

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