Because of the separation of powers inherent in a presidential system, some scholars think that executive-legislative __________ is common in systems like that used in the United States
A) cooperation
B) stagnation
C) deadlock
D) insolvency
C
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How does an iron triangle work in creating change in public policy?
a. Members of Congress protect their constituencies and interest groups; constituencies reelect the congressional representatives and give money to interest groups; and interest groups support members of Congress and their constituencies. b. Interest groups provide funds to members of Congress and their constituencies, who in turn pressure the president to push through policies the interest groups want, at which point constituencies will give their economic support to interest groups. c. Members of Congress protect agencies and interest groups; agencies give special services to interest groups and congressional representatives' constituencies; and interest groups support members of Congress and agencies. d. Agencies supply services to the public and, in return, the public supports agency activities, which puts pressure on Congress to pass laws in favor of the agencies.
One way of testing the hypothesis that high welfare state spending
caused slow economic growth in European countries in the 1970s would be to: a. use average total welfare spending in each country in the 1970s as the independent variable and average GDP growth rates as the dependent variable. b. use average GDP growth rates in the 1970s as the independent variable and average welfare spending as a percentage of GDP as the dependent variable. c. use average GDP growth rates in the 1970s as the independent variable and total welfare spending in each country as the dependent variable. d. use average welfare spending in the 1970s as a percentage of GDP as the independent variable and average GDP growth rates as the dependent variable.
As a result of central planning, by the 1950s communist countries were among the world leaders in the production of which of the following?
a. Steel b. Gold c. Computers d. Oil e. Cars
Identify an action that is prohibited to the national government by the U.S. Constitution
A) Admitting new states B) Establishing post offices C) Raising and supporting the military D) Regulating interstate commerce E) Passing laws that restrain freedom of speech