The Supreme Court refused to entertain a claim brought on behalf of Joshua DeShaney against a publicly funded social agency because, in the stated view of the majority, no _________ was demonstrated
a. knowledge by social workers of the violent tendencies of Joshua's father
b. indication of previous injury to Joshua
c. inattention by social workers
d. required element of state action
D
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Judges who practice judicial restraint tend to
a. lobby their fellow members of the Court. b. adapt the law to the perceived wishes of the popular majority. c. adhere closely to statutes and decisions in previous cases. d. employ their own ideology or values when interpreting the law.
Someone joining an interest group because they want benefits such as emergency assistance or discounts is joining for which of the following reasons?
A. Material incentives B. Solidary incentives C. Purposive incentives D. Philosophical incentives E. Social incentives
People who lack voting efficacy typically
A.) seem to be distracted by negative campaign ads B.) are frustrated with their knowledge of current events C.) have a low level of educational attainment
Totalitarianism as a concept means
a) that the government controls all aspects of the political, social, and economic life of a nation b) the condition of having no government and no laws c) the ultimate political authority is vested in the people d) a limited republic where people elect officials to make decisions for them for a specific period of time e) a unified government