Explain how carbohydrates are metabolized
What will be an ideal response?
Carbohydrates provide energy to cells through glycolysis, a 10-step anaerobic pathway that yields two molecules of pyruvate, a net of two ATP, two coenzymes, two hydrogen ions, and two molecules of water. Pyruvate is either converted to lactate during anaerobic metabolism or converted to acetyl CoA during aerobic metabolism.
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Although the recommendation is to drink in moderation if consuming alcohol, which issue may still need to be considered?
a. Moderation is difficult to define because of differences in tolerance among people. b. Moderate consumption may cause a person to lose weight when not desired c. Moderate drinkers may become loud, angry, or violent. d. The brain swells with exposure to alcohol. e. Even in moderation, alcohol is toxic and can have severe health consequences.
The nasal spray route represents a safe and efficacious means for the supply of
a. folate. b. vitamin B1. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin B12.
In regard to caffeine, the DRI committee determined that:
a. beverages that contain caffeine do not count toward meetings one's fluid needs. b. a person should not consume more than three cups of caffeine-containing beverages a day. c. caffeinated beverages contribute to daily total water intake similarly to non-caffeinated beverages. d. caffeine causes a net deficit of fluid in the body; therefore, caffeine-containing beverages should be avoided by athletes particularly.
What is the purpose of adding salt to an egg white foam?
a. to increase foam volume up to 40 percent b. no purpose – salt is rarely added to foams c. to allow whites to whip into a more stable foam d. to act as an interfering agent