How do sleep needs change for children, starting in infancy, then moving into early childhood? Why is it important to ensure that children get adequate sleep?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Between the ages of 3 and 5, preschoolers need about 11 to 13 hours of sleep each night. Preschoolers with more stable sleep patterns have higher levels of cognitive functioning and those who get the most nighttime sleep have higher levels of adaptive functioning and lower levels of externalizing difficulties, including hyperactivity and aggression (Keefe-Cooperman & Brady-Amoon, 2014). A cool, quiet, dark sleep environment with no distraction such as a TV in the bedroom and a relaxing bedtime routine help ensure that young children get the rest they need.
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What type of design is used when a withdrawal design no longer is possible or when other behaviors, settings, or individuals emerge that are in need of intervention?
A. Multiple probe design B. Alternating treatment design C. Delayed multiple baseline design D. Changing criterion design
Which one of the following is the best example of state anxiety rather than trait anxiety?
a. Thea is often nervous in math class, where she rarely participates unless her teacher specifically calls on her. She sits quietly at her desk and doesn't interact with her classmates because she finds it hard to do so without shaking. b. Urie is an excellent student, but he has considerable trouble speaking to others in any of his classes. He performs very well on tests and other written work, but he gets exceptionally anxious during group work and oral reports. c. Viola becomes nervous when she has to give a presentation in front of her English class. This is the first time she has ever had to do something like this and she doesn't know how well she will do. d. Wendell becomes nervous whenever he has to take any kind of paper-pencil test, even when he knows what questions are going to be on the test and is thoroughly prepared.
All of the following describe dame schools except
a. students were educated within their own homes. b. teachers were respected women with little or no formal education. c. classes were held in the teacher's home. d. parents paid the teacher to have their children educated.
Research suggests that students with special needs often have problems in mathematics classes due to which of the following causes?
a. The teacher does not understand the mathematics himself/herself. b. Students spend too much time doing worksheets. c. The teacher does not emphasize the meaning of the mathematical procedures. d. The student does not have ample opportunity to work with others in a cooperative setting. e. The teacher does not make frequent use of hands-on materials.