In children, temper tantrums, manipulating parents, and destructive behaviors are formed in the:
a. latency stage.
c. oral stage.
b. phallic stage.
d. anal stage.
ANS: D
FEEDBACK: In the anal stage, if the toilet training of a child is not going well, the child may react in one of two ways. To Freud, the first reaction was the basis for many forms of hostile and sadistic behavior in adult life, including cruelty, destructiveness, and temper tantrums. The second reaction produces a feeling of erotic pleasure (derived from a full lower intestine, Freud said) and can be a successful technique for manipulating the parents.
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Some experts have suggested that diagnosing individual children is misleading and misguided. Instead, children's psychological problems could be classified within the context of key relationships, particularly within
a. peer groups. b. neighborhoods. c. families. d. schools.
Janice has bipolar disorder and refuses to take medication to control her manic episodes. She was arrested last night for disturbing the peace and assault. When she is brought into custody, it is apparent that she is experiencing a manic episode. She appears very disturbed, and after a psychological evaluation, a psychologist files a report with the court indicating that Janice is not competent to stand trial. What will likely happen to Janice now?
a. She will be given medication, and once her manic episode has been controlled, she will be released with no further court involvement. b. She will be confined in a secure facility until she is deemed competent to stand trial. c. She will be represented during court proceedings by her legal guardian. d. She will be sent to a public psychiatric hospital until she is deemed competent to stand trial.
According to Leon Festinger, group membership
a. reduces the actor-observer bias. b. satisfies our need for social comparison. c. encourages passive compliance in our interactions. d. fulfills our desire to influence and control others.
Rutter used all of the following features to distinguish "effective" schools from "ineffective" ones EXCEPT
a. students exhibited fewer problem behaviors. b. school attendance was more regular. c. students made more academic progress. d. students were from wealthier families.