Helen is a 62-year-old smoker. Her physician has diagnosed her as having emphysema that has caused her to hypoventilate. Surprisingly, when her blood pH is checked, it is 7.40. Why?
What will be an ideal response
Helen is suffering from respiratory acidosis because she is retaining too much carbon dioxide. Her shallow breathing, due to the damage to her lungs from the disease, is the cause. In order to release the carbon dioxide, one must be able to breathe normally (deep breathing would be optimal). However, because this has been a long-term problem, her kidneys have excreted greater amounts of acids while retaining HCO3- , thus providing renal compensation to her chronic respiratory acidosis.
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The anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under
A. pathologic anatomy.?B. systemic anatomy.?C. histology.?D. surgical anatomy.?E. developmental anatomy.
The function of structures within the middle ear is to ________ and transmit sound waves to the inner ear.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following statements regarding tubular reabsorption is incorrect? Tubular reabsorption
a. refers to the movement of a substance from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillary blood. b. is important for the conservation of substances important to the body, such as Na+, Cl-, glucose, and amino acids. c. can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. d. involves the process of transepithelial transport. e. takes place only in the proximal tubule.
Minute respiratory volume can be computed if one knows ________ and ________
A) expiratory reserve volume; tidal volume B) vital capacity; height C) tidal volume; respiratory rate D) inspiratory capacity; respiratory rate