The nurse who works on a cardiac unit is teaching the student nurse about heart sounds. The student nurse asks how the S1 heart sound is produced. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
1. "It results from the closure of the semilunar valves.".
2. "It is heard when the aortic valve closes just slightly faster than the pulmonic valve.".
3. "It results from the closure of the atrioventricular valves.".
4. "It is caused by atrial contraction and ejection of blood into the ventricles in late diastole.".
3
Rationale 1: The S2 sounds results from the closure of the semilunar valves. The semilunar valves include the aortic and pulmonic valves.
Rationale 2: A splitting of the S2 occurs toward the end of inspiration in some individuals. This results from a slight difference between the time the aortic and pulmonic valves close.
Rationale 3: The S1 heart sound results from closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves.
Rationale 4: The S4 sound may be heard in children, well-conditioned athletes, and healthy elderly individuals without cardiac disease. It is caused by atrial contraction and ejection of blood into the ventricles in late diastole.
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