Which of the following is true of Robert Merton's anomie theory of deviance and crime?
a. Personality and psychological processes in an individual's life are sufficient to explain deviant behaviors.
b. An innovation occurs when culturally approved goals and the importance of achieving them through the culturally approved means are rejected.
c. Retreatism is the acceptance of the cultural goal of success but the use of socially disapproved, possibly illegal, means to achieve it.
d. An inconsistency occurs when people are taught through the socialization process to pursue certain socially approved goals.
Answer: d
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