Describe the early filter and late filter models of selective attention
What will be an ideal response?
Early Filter Model: According to one of the earliest theories of attention, we filter information right after we notice it at the sensory level (Broadbent, 1958). That is, all the incoming information is being perceived and stored in sensory memory. Sensory memory only stores the information for a split second and then forwards it to a filter that allows only one message to move forward to be processed in more detail. Moray modified Broadbent's early filter model so that the filter blocks out most information at the sensory level. Personally important messages are so powerful that they burst through the filtering mechanism.
Late Filter Model: Deutsch and Deutsch (1963) developed a model in which the location of the filter is even later in the process. They suggested that stimuli are filtered out only after they have been analyzed for both their physical properties and their meaning. This later filtering would allow people to recognize information entering the unattended ear. Proponents of both the early and the late-filtering mechanisms propose that an attentional bottleneck exists through which only a single source of information can pass. The two models differ only in terms of where they hypothesize the bottleneck to be positioned.
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The three observation methods used most often in classrooms include:
A. scales, checklists, and running records. B. notebooks, checklists, and portfolios. C. anecdotal records, logs, notebooks, and running records. D. portfolios, interviews, and conversations.
A(n) ____________________ is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Andrew is in a class that consists of mixed races and genders. He hears one of the other students make a nasty comment about black females. He also sees that the black female sitting next to him hears this comment. He is appalled by the comment but does not say anything about it. Where does Andrew fit on Terry's matrix for oppressive and anti-oppressive behaviors?
a. Anti-oppressive and active b. Anti-oppressive and passive c. Oppressive and active d. Oppressive and passive
Calculate the chi-square statistic for the following data (assume equal expected frequencies).
a. 125
b. 186.02
c. 204.56
d. 341.78