Roxanne intentionally provides sand and water in an outdoor sand kitchen because she knows children enjoy these materials and because the kitchen theme offers easy social and language possibilities by focusing on family life. Roxanne also knows that sand and water support the science of changing physical states and numeracy in categorization and counting when children "set the table." Roxanne's set up is an example of

Which one of the following is the best example of punishment as psychologists define it?

a. After Norma spends a few minutes in the time-out room for hurting a classmate's feelings, she acts more compassionately toward that classmate in the future. b. Kelly has been acting up in the classroom all year. Her teacher's frequent reprimands haven't made much of a difference in Kelly's behavior. c. Leonard is a real distraction to his classmates, often burping in a way that makes other students laugh. His teacher places him in a corner where others can't hear him burping. d. Whenever Marvin has trouble sitting still, his teacher has him run up and down the hall three times to release his pent-up energy.

Some students are at risk for academic failure, and if they do fail, they are apt to be ill-equipped to become productive citizens in the adult world. With the typical characteristics of students at risk in mind, identify five strategies you might use to help such students succeed at school. For each one, describe what you would do in specific and concrete terms

What will be an ideal response?

What are some advantages of informal or authentic assessments?

What will be an ideal response?

Six-year-old Rachel proudly said she could read the word fish because it looked like the word dish. This child was:

a) decoding by analogy b) participating in interactive writing c) sounding out a word d) applying a phonics generalization