Describe the evolution of Islamic civilization. What was its effect on Europe?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

ANSWER:
The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a, the law of Islam. The Shari'a envisions a community of believers who are brothers and sisters and who share the same moral values. The adherence to the Shari'a provided a common cultural and secular set of laws throughout the Islamic world despite ethnic or political divisions. The growth of urbanization contributed to the rise of Islamic civilization, and the cities became centers for conversion to Islam and the sharing of cultural traditions. They were also hubs of commercial activities and spread the knowledge of new crops to the countryside, in particular, knowledge of citrus fruits, rice, sugar cane, and cotton. Intercity and long-distance trade flourished, providing important linkages between the city dwellers and the countryside. The manufacturing sector grew as well, especially the producers of cloth, metal goods, and pottery. The market economy grew under the strong influence of Islamic ethics and law. Science and medicine also flourished; building on the Hellenistic tradition and their own experience, Muslim doctors and astronomers developed skills and theories far in advance of their European counterparts. The Muslims shared their scientific and intellectual traditions with Europe, especially Spain, which developed the most diverse and sophisticated agricultural economy in Europe. Spanish cities were larger and richer than comparable European cities, and a unique architectural and literary style emerged there.