A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria. These signs and symptoms support which diagnosis?
a. Acute cystitis
b. Renal calculi
c. Chronic renal failure
d. Postrenal renal failure
ANS: A
The patient is demonstrating symptoms of acute cystitis. Although renal calculi can cause pain and hematuria, they are not manifested by fever and cloudy urine. Chronic renal failure is not manifested by cloudy urine. Postrenal renal failure is not manifested by hematuria and cloudy urine.
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