The nurse plans care for patients with the knowledge that loss of body defenses can increase the patient's risk for infection. What barrier defenses need to remain intact to prevent infection? (Select all that apply.)
A) Skin
B) Mucous membranes
C) Gastric acid
D) Leukocytes
E) T cells
A, B, C
Feedback:
The skin is the first line of barrier defense, creating a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the internal tissues. Mucous membranes are another barrier defense protecting the area without skin protection (e.g., the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract). Gastric acids destroy many pathogens that are ingested or swallowed, preventing them from entering the bloodstream or internal organs. Leukocytes and T cells are cellular defenses and not barrier defenses.
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A patient is hospitalized for symptoms that include auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions. Based on the nurse's understanding of neurobiology, which neurotransmitter alteration causes these manifestations?
1. Serotonin 2. Dopamine 3. Acetylcholine 4. Norepinephrine
Prior to administering a prescribed drug, the nurse correctly identifies the client by which method? Select all that apply
A) Checking a client's name on his or her wristband B) Checking a client's chart C) Asking the client to identify himself or herself and give his or her birth date D) Asking a client if he or she is the correct client E) Using a current picture of the client if available
An experienced nurse is teaching a student nurse the proper use of hand hygiene. Which of the following is an accurate guideline that should be discussed?
A) The use of gloves eliminates the need for hand hygiene. B) The use of hand hygiene eliminates the need for gloves. C) Hand hygiene must be performed after contact with inanimate objects near the patient. D) Hand lotions should not be used after hand hygiene.
________ should be used as a placeholder to the left of the decimal point when there is no whole number.
A. A 5 B. A zero C. Nothing D. A 1