The International Phonetic Alphabet is a means of:
a. Writing all of the sounds of all human languages.
b. Teaching children to read at very early ages.
c. Communicating between people who speak different languages.
d. Translating easily among European languages.
e. Preserving languages threatened with extinction.
A
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How many societies in the ethnographic record were only informally organized at the time they were first described by anthropologists?
A) 50% B) 25% C) 10% D) 80%
Which of the following best characterizes the cross-cultural meaning of smiling?
a. A smile always means that people are happy. b. Smiling is a reasonably good indicator of happiness or nonviolent intent. c. In most cultures, people smile just before they kill. d. The meaning of a smile varies from culture to culture. e. Americans are virtually unique in equating smiling with happiness.
Which of the following statements about the HbSÂ allele is FALSE?
A. It is found in higher gene frequencies in regions where malaria is endemic. B. Heterozygous individuals have an increased immunity to malaria. C. Homozygous individuals usually develop fatal cases of dysentery. D. It causes sickle-cell anemia in homozygous individuals. E. In areas where malaria has been reduced through drainage and insecticides, its frequency declines.
________ describes the process of viewing an identity as established, real, and frozen, so as to hide the historical processes and politics within which that identity developed.
A. Fluidity B. Essentialism C. Marketing D. Autochthony E. Patrimony