The molecular clock is limited in its usefulness for estimating relationships among spe-cies:
a. saturation of DNA sequences.
b. variation in substitution rate between lineages and loci.
c. small population sizes.
d. A and B.
e. All of the above.
D
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Inhabitants of oceanic islands resemble forms of the nearest mainland but show some differences. This is an example of
A. the fossil record. B. homology. C. convergent evolution. D. biogeography. E. development.
The deposits of the following phytoplankton are used commercially in polishes and filtering devices:
a. dinoflagellates. b. foraminiferans. c. coccolithophores. d. diatoms. e. radiolarians.
Mutations that completely abolish the function of a wild-type allele are
A) null mutations. B) hypomorphic mutations. C) hypermorphic mutations. D) conditional mutations. E) neomorphic mutations.
Because they are capable of regenerating a complete body from an arm and a piece of the central disk, sea stars must
contain many ____.
a. blood cells b. stem cells c. differentiated cells d. marrow cells e. embryonic cells