Which of the following act as the first line of defense against foreign pathogens?
A. Skin
B. Synovial membranes
C. Mucous membranes
D. Both a and c
Answer: D. Both a and c
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In craniosynostosis, the bones of the skull fuse together at the sutures prematurely, causing the brain to grow abnormally. Why would this cause abnormal brain growth?
A. The sutures are amphiarthrotic and slightly move during brain growth, so the plates of the skull can easily move to suit any direction of brain growth. Fusion at the sutures will prevent this free movement. B. The sutures are synarthrotic and do not move, only allowing expansion from within as the brain grows to fill the brain case. Fusion at the sutures will prevent this expansion. C. Because the sutures contain ligaments, blows to the skull can be absorbed by plate movement. Removal of the sutures will cause any slight blow to damage the brain. D. Sutures are large gaps between bones that are filled with synovial fluid. This synovial fluid allows for the brain to expand into the spaces. Ossification of the sutures would prevent the expansion of the brain.
Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
A) The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart. B) Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential. C) The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium. D) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?
a. sodium b. iodine c. iron d. chloride