The nurse is assessing a patient with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). Which finding would differentiate HHS from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A) Lack of ketonuria
B) Electrolyte imbalances
C) Fluid volume deficit
D) Hyperglycemia
A) Lack of ketonuria
Explanation: A) Patients with HHS do not have clinical signs and symptoms related to metabolic acidosis and ketosis; however, the other clinical signs and symptoms related to hyperglycemia (fluid volume deficits and electrolyte imbalances) are often present. In HHS, the hyperglycemia, dehydration, and serum hyperosmolality are usually much more severe than in DKA. In addition to the clinical signs and symptoms detailed in DKA, the following may be present in HHS: neurologic symptoms and vascular thrombosis.
B) Patients with HHS do not have clinical signs and symptoms related to metabolic acidosis and ketosis; however, the other clinical signs and symptoms related to hyperglycemia (fluid volume deficits and electrolyte imbalances) are often present. In HHS, the hyperglycemia, dehydration, and serum hyperosmolality are usually much more severe than in DKA. In addition to the clinical signs and symptoms detailed in DKA, the following may be present in HHS: neurologic symptoms and vascular thrombosis.
C) Patients with HHS do not have clinical signs and symptoms related to metabolic acidosis and ketosis; however, the other clinical signs and symptoms related to hyperglycemia (fluid volume deficits and electrolyte imbalances) are often present. In HHS, the hyperglycemia, dehydration, and serum hyperosmolality are usually much more severe than in DKA. In addition to the clinical signs and symptoms detailed in DKA, the following may be present in HHS: neurologic symptoms and vascular thrombosis.
D) Patients with HHS do not have clinical signs and symptoms related to metabolic acidosis and ketosis; however, the other clinical signs and symptoms related to hyperglycemia (fluid volume deficits and electrolyte imbalances) are often present. In HHS, the hyperglycemia, dehydration, and serum hyperosmolality are usually much more severe than in DKA. In addition to the clinical signs and symptoms detailed in DKA, the following may be present in HHS: neurologic symptoms and vascular thrombosis.
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