The "master cells" of the immune system that initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response are
A. basophils.
B. helper T cells.
C. mast cells.
D. cytotoxic T cells.
E. B cells.
B. helper T cells.
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Kohler and Lipton first discovered a growth factor (PDGF) by:
A. observing that fibroblasts could not grow in cell culture without adding PDGF to the growth medium. B. observing that fibroblasts could not grow in cell culture without adding bovine blood serum to the growth medium. C. observing that fibroblasts grew better in cell culture when blood serum was added to the growth medium instead of blood plasma. D. observing that fibroblasts could not grow and repair wounding without the action of platelets. E. observing that fibroblasts could not grow in cell culture without the addition of purified red blood cells.
All of the following are inputs to the electron transport chain EXCEPT
a. an H-carrier. b. oxygen. c. ADP. d. water.
Each of the following contributes to the system providing structural support to the erythrocyte plasma membrane except
A) the peripheral protein spectrin. B) the integral protein glycophorin. C) the peripheral protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). D) the peripheral protein ankyrin. E) short actin filaments.
Joan wants to discover a microbe capable of degrading an environmental contaminant. Which of the following culturing methods would be most effective for isolation of such an organism?
A) cell culture B) chemostat C) quorum sensing D) enrichment culture E) differential culture