What is Keynesianism and what role has it historically played in the American economy?
What will be an ideal response?
British economist argued that it is the job of government to use fiscal policy (the power to tax and spend) to regulate the economy. Keynes argued that a lagging economy should be revived through an infusion of money (increased government spending and tax cuts) and an inflationary economy should be treated by removing money (cutting spending and raising taxes). Keynes maintained that balanced budgets are not necessary. Rather deficits and surpluses are simply tools used to fine-tune the economy. Between the 1930s and 1970s was a period during which the United States gradually adopted Keynesian theory. For Franklin Roosevelt it was a way of bringing the country out of the Great Depression via his New Deal programs. Responses should explain how these programs attempted to do that. Roosevelt’s successors continued this approach until the 1970s when fiscal policy seemed unable to manage that decade’s economic downturn during which inflation and unemployment both rose. In turn, this led politicians and others to turn away from Keynesian theory in favor of monetary policy which calls for economic regulation via control of the money supply and manipulation of interest rates.
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What is the "broader cultural shift" of the last two decades that Keck and Sikkink describe?
a. a proliferation of international organizations and conferences b. the development of a new kind of global public, or civil society c. a pushback against activist NGOs with narrow human rights focus d. the sublimation of human rights issues to political and international security issues e. a greater prevalence toward respect for sovereignty and nonintervention in the domestic affairs of states
Which of the following statements is true of energy sources in the United States?
A) U.S. oil production, which rose sharply after 1985, began to decline again in 2009. B) Low natural gas prices plus new air-pollution regulations have made coal uncompetitive as a source of electricity. C) The United States is not in favor of using nuclear energy as it releases greenhouse gases. D) The Obama administration approved the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline along the U.S. Gulf Coast. E) Imports of natural gas are cost-effective as natural gas can be transported by ship efficiently.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an administrative officer of a county?
A. mayor B. president of the council C. council manager D. borough president E. county judge
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Lobbying is most accurately thought of as a singular process rather than an ongoing one. 2. Inside lobbying efforts focus on the content of a piece of legislation as well as the levels of funding for agencies and programs through the appropriation process. 3. Iron triangles are the coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of interest groups, Congress, and the bureaucracy to achieve a set of shared policy goals, sometimes against the general interests of society of the specific groups within it. 4. Interest groups rarely involve themselves in the election process.