Compare three types of learning derived from the behavioral perspective.
What will be an ideal response?
- Classical conditioning occurs when an organism learns to respond to a neutral stimulus that normally does not evoke that type of response. The focus of this learning is on the pairing of stimuli to produce a response.
- Operant conditioning is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences. The focus of this learning is on how a response is altered by its consequences.
- Social-cognitive learning theory is an approach that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person, called a model. This type of learning puts much less emphasis on either stimulus pairing or reinforcement of responses.
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Most research on Maslow's theory has ____
a. ?supported some characteristics of self-actualizers. b. ?provided some support for the order of needs in the hierarchy of needs. c. ?confirmed it. d. ?supported the self-actualization theory only for those in industry. e. ?supported some characteristics of self-actualizers and provided some support for the order of needs in the hierarchy of needs.
Students who study developmental psychology to learn the practicalities of becoming good parents will be especially interested in the research goals of
a. confidentiality. b. optimization. c. ethnography. d. explanation.
What are papillae?
a) visual receptors b) protrusions that contain taste buds c) the most sensitive portion of the rods d) gravity detectors located in the muscles
Which of the following skills is NOT an accomplishment of the concrete operational stage?
a. using concepts of time, space, and number b. abstract reasoning c. conservation d. reversibility