President William McKinley justified U.S. annexation of the Philippines on all of the following grounds EXCEPT:
a. the United States believed the Filipinos were not ready for self-government.
b. the United States needed to civilize Filipinos.
c. the United States needed to Christianize the Filipinos.
d. the United States needed to ensure that the Philippines became an independent democracy.
e. the United States needed the islands for business and trade.
Ans: d. the United States needed to ensure that the Philippines became an independent democracy.
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