The fact that the most common specific phobia in children is a fear of animals is believed to be due to ____
a. the high rates of exposure to animals in young childhood
b. evolutionary processes
c. parental overprotection when young children encounter animals
d. the large size of the animals
b
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Polly is attending her first birthday party, where she sees her first balloon. While playing with the balloon, she accidentally pops it with a pin. When the balloon pops, she screams, drops her drink, and starts to cry when she sees it stain the carpet. In this situation, the noise produced by the popping balloon would represent a(n)
a. unconditioned stimulus. b. conditioned stimulus. c. unconditioned response. d. conditioned response.
What should be the usual relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning? a. The conditioned stimulus should be presented first. b. The unconditioned stimulus should be presented first. c. They should be presented simultaneously
d. It depends on what each stimulus is.
After moving to a new city, seven-year-old Marta tended to cling to her mother whenever they went to the playground, never venturing more than a few feet away
When school started, Marta would beg her mother to walk the two blocks with her every morning and afternoon rather than walking with the older daughter of a neighbor. Marta told her mother that she was afraid the older child would get her lost and then she would never see her parents again. Marta appears to be showing signs of a. inappropriate social referencing. b. an insecure-avoidant attachment. c. separation anxiety disorder. d. abnormal imprinting.
Which school of thought in psychology is known for developing the proper use of reward, punishment, and conditioning to change problems?
a. behaviorism
b. Gestalt psychology
c. humanistic psychology
d. psychoanalysis