Define a construct and explain why psychologists often need to use an operational definition to measure constructs
What will be an ideal response?
A construct is a hypothetical characteristic or mechanism that helps to explain behavior. Constructs are assumed to exist even though they cannot be observed or measured directly. An example of a construct is motivation, which cannot be seen but appears to exist and affect behavior. Because constructs cannot be seen or observed directly, it is necessary to develop operational definitions to obtain measurements and a precise definition of the construct. For example, you might develop a questionnaire to measure motivation and use the scores from the questionnaire as your definition of motivation.
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Of the following summary statements of the theories of motivation presented in the textbook, which one is incorrect?
A. Instinct theory explains the behavior of humans B. Pleasure can motivate us C. We can use the incentive theory to explain behavior done to obtain some external reward D. Self-determination theory says that we can experience either autonomous or controlled motivation
__________ are responsible for coating neural fibers with an insulating fatty sheath
A) Glial cells B) Neurotransmitters C) Brain waves D) Synapses
Which neurotransmitter normally activates muscles?
a. acetylcholine b. serotonin c. curare d. histamine
Which of the following is TRUE regarding our ability to detect deception (lying) in others?
A) Most people perform quite well when attempting to detect lying by strangers, but may become less accurate if they focus on nonverbal behavior. B) People are not very accurate when attempting to detect lying by intimates, but may become more accurate if they suspect the intimates of lying beforehand. C) The polygraph has proved to be a highly effective method for detecting lying, especially when the suspect does not believe in its effectiveness. D) People are not able to mask the cues that reveal deception.