Teachers who force students to compete with one another for a limited supply of rewards (as when they practice grading on the curve), are most likely to see which of the following outcomes?
a. No effect on students' motivation.
b. A decline in students' intrinsic motivation.
c. A strengthening of students' intrinsic motivation.
d. A temporary increase in intrinsic motivation followed by a decrease.
B
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The ____________________ is the external framework of a problem and could involve available resources, decision-making procedures, time constraints, communication procedures, and physical settings
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Providing new or different perspectives on current issues, increasing the application of effective classroom interventions, and allowing a more complete understanding of the people and social circumstances associated with precedent-setting events are important for understanding which of the following?
a. Federal law b. Education law c. Social history of special education d. Social history of general education
For 
= 8.56 with the number of groups = 6, the researcher would ______.
a. reject the null hypothesis (p <.05) b. reject the null hypothesis (p >.05) c. not reject the null hypothesis (p > .05) d. not reject the null hypothesis (p < .05)
If the way a variable is measured changes during the course of a study, this threat to validity is called:
a. Testing effect b. Instrumentation effect c. Maturation effect d. Multiple-treatment interference