Which hypothesis is nondirectional?
a. Hospitals with an infection-control nurse will have fewer instances of sepsis among inpatients than hospitals without an infection-control nurse.
b. There will be a greater weight loss among dieting patients who receive a weekly supportive telephone call from a dietitian than among dieting patients who do not receive a weekly supportive phone call.
c. There will be a difference in stage of disease for prostate cancer among men who had an abnormal prostate-specific antigen screening compared with men who had an abnormal digital rectal examination screening.
d. Children who receive weekly counseling for 1 year after the death of a parent will perform better in school than children who do not receive weekly counseling after the death of a parent.
ANS: C
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A This hypothesis gives the expected direction (i.e., fewer).
B This hypothesis gives the expected direction (i.e., greater).
C This hypothesis has no expected direction. It suggests a difference but does not indicate the direction of the difference.
D This hypothesis gives the expected direction (i.e., better).
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