Miller points out the irony that while members claim one thing they get out of gangs is a sense of protection in fact gang involvement itself
a. decreases exposure to victimization risk although does suggest willingness to be victimized if needed.
b. decreases social status within the community and involves social rejection.
c. increases exposure to victimization risk and even suggests a willingness to be victimized.
d. provides several additional positives such as social support and opportunities for interaction.
C
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Mapp v. Ohio was a landmark case that restricted police from Interrogating juveniles without their parents present
a. True b. False
Change in police agencies are rarely characterized by the use of centralized decision making and coercive tactics
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
This experiment found that arrest was an effective deterrent to subsequent violent acts by perpetrators of intimate partner violence.
A. Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment B. Dade County Domestic Violence Experiment C. Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment D. Cincinnati Domestic Violence Experiment
Which type of offender is NOT amenable to restorative justice?
a. First-time offenders b. Offenders who do not take responsibility for their actions c. Non-violent offenders d. Juvenile offenders