Explain the different job analysis methods.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Job analysis information about what people are doing in their jobs can be gathered in a variety of ways. Traditionally, the most common methods have been observations, interviews, and questionnaires. However, the expansion of technology has led to computerization and web-based data collection methods. Sometimes a combination of these methods is used depending on the situation and the organization.Observation: With the observation method, a manager, job analyst, or industrial engineer watches an employee perform the job and takes notes that describe the tasks and duties performed. The observation method is limited because many jobs do not have complete and easily observed job duties or job cycles. Thus, observation may be more useful for repetitive jobs with short cycle times. Work sampling and employee diary/log are types of observation.Work sampling does not require attention to each detailed action throughout an entire work cycle. This method allows a job analyst to determine the content and pace of a typical workday through statistical sampling of certain actions rather than through continuous observation and timing of all actions. Work sampling is particularly useful for routine and repetitive jobs.The employee diary/log method requires employees to observe their own performance by keeping a diary/log of their job duties, noting how frequently those duties are performed and the time required for each one. Although this approach can generate useful information, it can be burdensome for employees to compile an accurate log. Technology can facilitate the logging or diary approach, reducing some of the problems associated with balancing data collection and work completion.Interviewing: The interview method requires a manager, job analyst, or human resource specialist to talk with individuals who are knowledgeable about the job. A standardized interview form is used most often to record information and to ensure consistency. Both the employee and the employee's supervisor should be interviewed to obtain complete details about the job. Sometimes group or panel interviews are used to collect information about jobs. A team of subject matter experts (SMEs) who have varying insights about a group of jobs is assembled to provide job analysis information. This option may be particularly useful for highly technical or complex jobs.Questionnaires: The questionnaire or survey is a widely used method of gathering data on jobs. A survey instrument is developed and given to employees and managers to complete. The questionnaire method offers a major advantage in that information about a large number of jobs can be collected inexpensively in a relatively short period of time. However, the questionnaire method assumes that employees can accurately analyze and communicate information about their jobs.O*Net: O*Net is an online database containing information on a wide range of jobs and occupational characteristics. O*Net contains the DOT and has hundreds of job descriptions already written and available. O*Net is currently the main DOL resource available and provides employers with a wide range of useful items.