One Saturday, Adolf was sitting at home when the telephone rang. A local company was making promotional calls and told Adolf he had just won a $1,000 gift certificate. He felt a rush of excitement at the thought of what he could do with $1,000 . Now Adolf finds that whenever he hears a telephone ring, he feels a small surge of excitement. In this example of classical conditioning, the conditioned
stimulus is:
a. the ringing of a telephone
b. the rush of excitement that Adolf felt when he won the gift certificate
c. the news that he had won a $1,000 gift certificate
d. the rush of excitement that Adolf feels whenever he hears a ringing telephone
A
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