The use of torture as an expression of discrimination against a group because of race refers to which purpose of torture?
A. punishment
B. discrimination
C. coercion and deterrence
D. confessions and intelligence
B. discrimination
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Acquaintance rape occurs between individuals who do not know each other
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Shirley is a police sergeant. She has twenty-one patrol officers reporting to her. In the context of the span of control, which of the following can be assumed about Shirley?
A. She will be eligible to be promoted as a police lieutenant. B. She will not take part in patrolling activities herself. C. She will not be able to effectively manage her team. D. She will be projected as a role model for sergeants of other precincts.
If a researcher is comparing individuals who had and had not ever committed armed assault, an indicator for having ever committed armed assault would be what kind of variable?
a. continuous b. qualitative c. ratio d. binary
"Penal harm" refers to the idea that the system:
a. should intentionally inflict pain on offenders during their imprisonment.
b. must provide additional pain in order for offenders to be truly rehabilitated.
c. should focus its efforts in reducing harm and increasing rehabilitative programs.
d. should allow corporal punishment but not cause permanent harm.