Why are token economies considered effective for producing desired behaviors?
A. Most people find tokens intrinsically rewarding.
B. Tokens can be used to obtain reinforcement that a person considers valuable.
C. Tokens provide a standard reinforcement to everyone for a particular behavior.
D. Most people find it rewarding when tokens are taken away.
Answer: B
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If the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of a rat's brain is destroyed, the rat
a. becomes aphagic and continues to eat until it has doubled its normal weight. b. becomes aphagic and stops eating altogether. c. becomes hyperphagic and continues to eat until it has doubled its normal weight. d. becomes hyperphagic and stops eating altogether.
What is learned helplessness?
What will be an ideal response?
If a researcher uses a careful matching procedure in correlational research, why should we
still not draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relations between variables? a. The measures may be unreliable. b. A third variable influencing the relationship may have been missed. c. The sample may not be a representative one. d. Participants' expectations may interfere with their behavior. e. The Hawthorne effect may occur.
Ten-month-old Russell's propensity to tug at the Velcro straps on his hat, remove his hat, and get the other children at the day care center to repeat the same actions themselves is an example of a(n) __________
a) behavior problem b) immaturity level in his development c) "expert" baby who is able to teach skills and information to other infants d) problem with how he is dressed for daycare