Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Adam Smith was influenced by conflict theories due to his distaste for capitalism.
2. Jeremy Bentham is known for advocating that punishments should be swift, severe, and certain.
3. In January 2005, the United Supreme Court held in United States v. Katz that federal judges no longer are required to follow the sentencing guidelines in effect since 1987.
4. Penal codes with indeterminate sentencing stipulate minimum and maximum sentences that must be served in prison (2 to 9 years, 3 to 5 years, and so forth).
5. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (2008) defines prisons as “locally-operated correctional facilities that confine persons before or after adjudication. Inmates sentenced to jails usually have a sentence of a year or less, but jails also incarcerate persons in a wide variety of other categories.”


1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True

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