What are the pathological effects of renal failure?
What will be an ideal response?
Renal failure can result in: (1) Uremic toxicity caused by retention of waste products. This can result in vomiting, diarrhea, ulcers, excessive bleeding (resulting from the toxic effect on platelets), reduced alertness, insomnia, shortened attention span, convulsions, coma, and abnormal sensory and motor activity due to the toxic effect on nerves. (2) Metabolic acidosis caused by the inability of the kidneys to secrete H+ adequately. This can then alter enzyme activity and depress the central nervous system. (3) Imbalances in sodium, potassium, phosphate, and calcium ions due to an inability to process filtrate. This can lead to severe blood pressure fluctuations, edema, congestive heart failure, and circulatory shock. (4) Loss of plasma proteins since the glomeruli may be leakier-than-normal. (5) Anemia caused by inadequate erythropoietin production. (6) Depression of the immune system caused by toxic levels of wastes and acids.
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Which of the following is an organ?
A) blood B) heart C) peritoneum D) connective tissue E) mitochondrion
Which of the following descriptions of movement of molecules across the plasma membrane is correct?
a. if two similar molecules can both combine with the same carrier, the presence of one of these molecules decreases the rate of entry of the other. b. in simple diffusion, the rate of transport of a molecule is directly proportional to the molecule's extracellular concentration. c. when a carrier becomes saturated, the maximum rate of transport is reached. d. two of these answers. e. all of these answers.
Before training building inspectors scored 62% on a test of building code violations. After training they scored 81% on the same test. The change in test scores represents a _____ criterion.
A. behavioral B. learning C. reaction D. results
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
A) ACTH. B) ADH. C) OXT. D) TSH. E) LH.