Tim yells at his two-year-old daughter Allison for soiling her pants. He also threatens to spank her if she ever does it again. Next week, she soils her pants again. According to studies on punishment, why did Tim's approach fail?
a. The threat was a reinforcer.
b. The punishment did not tell her how to change her behavior.
c. Allison wasn't punished immediately.
d. Yelling is not a form of punishment.
Answer: b
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Implicit personality theories suggest that if we know Yael is an extrovert, we would
a. be less likely to form an overall positive impression of her. b. be more likely to form an overall positive impression of her. c. look for situations in which one ought to be extroverted. d. assume she also possesses other traits related to extroversion.
Research on aggression in toddlers and young children suggests that this group resorts to aggression to resolve conflicts ____
a. more than any adolescent or adult group (e.g., even criminal or gang groups)—but does not end up committing many extremely violent crimes b. more than any adolescent or adult group (e.g., even criminal or gang groups)—and ends up committing many extremely violent crimes c. much less than adolescent or adult groups—and does not end up inflicting much damage or committing many extremely violent crimes d. much less than adolescent or adult groups—but ends up committing many extremely violent crimes
In addition to behavioral symptoms such as avoiding social interaction and poor school/work performance, adjustment disorder also involves:
A. hardiness B. unpleasant emotional reactions C. eustress D. approach-approach conflict
In 1800s Europe, mental illness was initially placed in one of two categories: _____, psychiatric symptoms, or _____, breaks from reality.
A) neuroses, psychoses B) psychoses, neuroses C) exogenous disorders, endogenous disorders D) endogenous disorders, exogenous disorders