Marlene's desk becomes so messy that on occasion she cannot find an important paper she is looking for. After several incidents in which she suffered the consequences of not finding a paper she needed (such as a homework assignment), she learned to organize and straighten her desk. Marlene learned this new behavior through which operant conditioning procedure?
A. Positive reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Extinction
B
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A study by Walline et al., (2009) randomly assigned one group of children to wear contact lenses and another group to wear glasses to correct myopia. Did the results of the study indicate any differences between the two groups?
a. Yes, those wearing glasses had lower global self-worth scores b. Yes, those wearing contacts had lower global self-worth scores c. Yes, those wearing contacts rated their physical appearances, athletic competence, and social acceptancemore highly d. No, there were no differences found between the groups
What percentage of American teenagers in grades 9 through report using condoms during intercourse?
a. 32% c. 90% b. 63% d. 95%
Which of the following statements about self-esteem in children is true?
A. Having high self-esteem boosts scholastic achievement. B. High achievement in school boosts self-esteem. C. High achievement in school and high self-esteem are spuriously related. D. The direction of the effect between high achievement in school and high self-esteem is bidirectional.
The concepts of reversibility and conservation develop during the stage
a. preoperational b. sensorimotor c. concrete operational d. formal operational