Identify and explain the types of cholesterol carrier and how they contribute to coronary heart disease.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Responses will vary; cholesterol is a waxy substance that is essential for metabolic functions. However, an abnormal cholesterol profile contributes to atherosclerotic plaques. Direct relationships have been established between cholesterol levels and the rate of coronary heart disease in men and women. Cholesterol is carried in the bloodstream by proteins known as high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). LDL tends to release cholesterol which may penetrate the lining of the arteries and speed up the process of atherosclerosis. Additionally, LDL cholesterol can be damaged by oxygen free radicals causing additional damage to the heart and blood vessels. LDL levels are recommended to be blow 100 mg/dl. HDL attracts cholesterol which is carried to the liver to be metabolized and excreted. HDLs act as scavengers through the reverse cholesterol transport by removing cholesterol from the body and preventing plaques from forming. A person wants an HDL level of at least 40 mg/dl. Research indicates that a low level of HDL cholesterol has the strongest relationship. VLDLs carry around triglycerides which are the primary fatty acid found in our foods and in our blood. High triglyceride levels can increase a person's risk for heart disease.